A recent study in the Lombardy region identified the positivity of anti-Covid-19 antibodies in 4.5 . (2022). To begin, think of something you've had time to do that you'd otherwise not have time for, or something you learned. Med (Lausanne). People with thalassemia often experience similar COVID-19 complications as those without thalassemia, but they may be at greater risk for certain problems. People who are moderate to severely immunocompromised may need additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to stay protected. How Might Swollen Glands Be a Sign of COVID-19? This means red blood cells aren't made properly or they are destroyed. Immune responses in beta-thalassaemia: heme - Scientific Reports Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassaemia International Federation; 2014. Recessive means that you need two copies of the faulty gene to have the disease. The Johnson & Johnsons Janssen can rarely cause arterial thrombosis, a blood clot in an artery, in people with thrombocytopenia 4 to 30 days after vaccination. Researchers found no link between blood type and COVID-19 risk, adding that more research was needed on the topic. beta thalassemia - NIH Director's Blog 2020 Sep 25;15(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0. But some researchers believe it may, based on the primarily mild symptoms of COVID-19 in people with thalassemia found in a study out of Southeast Asia. What Blood Tests Can Help Diagnose Sjgrens Syndrome? But blood tests can only lead doctors to presume that you have the trait. Should you get a COVID vaccine if you have beta thalassemia? If you do, theyll be mild. Am J Hematol. If you have concerns, speak with a doctor or healthcare professional about your individual risks. Several genes contribute to the production of hemoglobin. Clin Lab Med. People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination. Biochemistry, hemoglobin synthesis. Heavy alcohol drinking is known to further aggravate anemia. IgA Antibodies and IgA Deficiency in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Karimi M, Haghpanah S, Zarei T, et al. Within each of these types, the severity varies, from causing moderate to severe anemia to requiring frequent blood transfusions. Beta-thalassemia is widespread in the world but is a rare disease in France with an estimated prevalence of 12 per 1,000,000 for severe forms. What Research Says About the Link Between COVID-19 and Blood Type, What the Blood Link Research Means for You, Omicron vs. Delta: How the 2 COVID-19 Variants Compare, ShinglesHerpes ZosterInfection May Be Linked to the COVID-19 Vaccine, Can COVID-19 Cause Diabetes? Careers. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. People with thalassemia minor or trait usually do not need blood transfusions because they either do not have anemia or have only a mild anemia. APS is an autoimmune disorder that makes your blood clot easily. According to research from 2020 and 2021, 93% of U.S. newborn screening programs provide some info on alpha-thalassemia and 85% provide info on beta-thalassemia. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or beta-thalassemia trait, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/alpha-thalassemia/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703506/, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/thalassemia-major/, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijlh.12527, hematology.org/covid-19/covid-19-and-thalassemia, thalassemia.org/i-have-a-thalassemia-trait/, journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0969141314548203, stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-022-02768-5, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7326097/, gimjournal.org/article/S1098-3600(21)02253-X/fulltext, cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html, nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thalassemia/pregnancy, link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00404-022-06519-y, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955557/, thalassemia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/WhatIsThalTrait_sm.pdf, Everything You Need to Know About Thalassemia. 2020;105(4):378-386.doi:10.1111/ejh.13476, Yadav U, Pal R. Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. So, its important to know your status. While Health is trying to keep our stories as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources. The one gene defect, beta thalassemia trait (minor), is asymptomatic and results in microcytosis and mild anemia. SARSCoV2 infection in beta thalassemia: preliminary data from the Italian experience. A temporary drop in hemoglobin levels was noted 3 months after vaccination. There are some theories on why there could be a link: Your red blood cells are covered with molecules that are known as antigens, Thomas Russo, MD, professor and chief of infectious disease at the University at Buffalo, told Health. 2020;7:306.doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00306, Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Hemoglobinopathy and COVID-19, Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; haemoglobinopathies; pandemic; thalassaemia. If both parents carry a trait for either alpha- or beta-thalassemia, their child could develop a severe form of the disease. Information for people with thalassemia - COVID-19 Vaccine Treatment is with corticosteroids. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, thalassemia can affect your ability to become pregnant and increase your risk of complications if you do. doi:10.2144/fsoa-2020-0110, Papadopoulos KI, Sutheesophon W, Manipalviratn S, Aw TC. People with beta thalassemia may be immunosuppressed if they have impairment of spleen function or had their spleen removed. Diagnosis. If your doctor suspects your child has thalassemia, he or she can confirm a diagnosis with blood tests. People with the intermedia or major forms of the disease have HBB mutations from both parents. Could some people with thalassemia have a natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2? If you have potential symptoms of beta thalassemia, a doctor may order a blood test to look for signs of the disease. (2023). Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a cell, isolated from a . HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The dosages and timing, however, should be carefully discussed with your healthcare before starting any supplement. At this time, scientists are just beginning to learn how a diagnosis of thalassemia may affect the risk of COVID-19, potential complications, and how the pandemic may affect treatment, but preliminary research has revealed some trends. 2023 Feb 14;9:1082611. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1082611. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. Indian Pediatr. People with thalassaemia produce either no or too little haemoglobin, which is used by red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body. April 20, 2020. However, more epidemiological studies are required in the aim to obtain a strong signal. Jason DelCollo, DO, is a board-certified medicine physician and associate faculty member at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. It is possible to have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. 2023 Feb 9;10:1056599. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1056599. government site. "As an individual, you have your blood typethere's nothing you can do about it.". You can still pass on the affected gene, but you wont experience any symptoms. 2020;95(8):E198-E199. Chowdhury SF, Anwar S. Management of hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination can help prevent COVID-19 infection and prevent severe illness if you do. 2021.doi:10.1016/j.htct.2021.04.003, Dalamaga M, Karampela I, Mantzoros CS. In spite of those terrible limits, this systematic-review meta-analysis opens the way to the confirmation of a possible protection/immunity of beta-thalassemia carriers against COVID-19 concerning incidence and ICU admission markers [7,8]. Kakkar S, et al. Blood tests can reveal the number of red blood cells and abnormalities in size, shape or color. (2022). There are no specific precautions or warnings for people with thalassemia receiving these vaccines compared with people in the general population. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. But its most common in the Mediterranean, where incidence can be as high as 15%. People with beta thalassemia minor might never know they have the disease. People with thalassemia tend to experience similar complications from COVID-19 as those without thalassemia. Al-Shamsi HO, Alhazzani W, Alhuraiji A, Coomes EA, Chemaly RF, Almuhanna M, Wolff RA, Ibrahim NK, Chua MLK, Hotte SJ, Meyers BM, Elfiki T, Curigliano G, Eng C, Grothey A, Xie C. Oncologist. Last medically reviewed on April 6, 2023. See additional information. Current recommendations for those in the United States is that iron chelation therapy be continued unless symptoms of COVID-19 develop. eCollection 2022 Aug. See this image and copyright information in PMC. They result in low hemoglobin production and destruction of red blood cells. As thalassemia is considered to be a severe underlying medical condition , both adults and children with thalassemia were excluded from the COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. Some of these include: Secondary infections (bacterial infections that develop in people with a viral infection such as COVID-19) may be more common in people with thalassemia, especially those who have had their spleen removed. How do I know if I have thalassemia trait? (2021). Its important for a doctor to order a blood test to confirm the cause of your symptoms to ensure you dont receive any unnecessary treatment. People with certain medical conditions. In this study, the most common side effects in people with thalassemia were: Researchers are still examining how COVID-19 affects people with beta thalassemia. Vulnerability of -thalassemia heterozygotes to COVID-19: Results from a cohort study. They often share similar symptoms but have different causes as well as different treatments and severity. Regular screenings are often recommended. In late 2020, a team of researchers in the United States and Europe succeeded for the first time in using CRISPR to treat 10 people with sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. Transfusion. (2022). But you can still pass down the affected gene to future generations. Possible symptoms include: Doctors sometimes mistake symptoms of thalassemia trait for iron deficiency. Should people with thalassemia receive the COVID-19 vaccine? You inherit two copies of each gene one from each parent so four in total. Dr. DelCollo is board-certified in family medicine by the American Board of Family Medicine. There has also been a shortage at other steps in the process, such as personnel available to perform collections, as well as process and deliver donated blood. Herd immunity and COVID-19: What you need to know But they do test for sickle cell anemia, which can also detect thalassemia. Doctors and researchers have looked at the evidence. Am J Hematol. Experts estimate 1.5% of the worlds population to be carriers. Thalassemia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassaemia International Federation; 2017. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6114. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Materials & Methods: Searches of PUBMED and EMBASE were conducted to identify the level and . 2020;91(3):e2020026. FAQs: Expert Answers Questions On Management Tips For Thalassemia Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. While the link between blood type and COVID-19 risk is still unclear, it's important to note that there have been links between blood type and diseases in the past. All rights reserved. Hemoglobin normally is made of four chainstwo alpha chains and two beta chains. Eating nutritious foods is important for everyone to maintain a healthy lifestyle - a diet, high in fruits and vegetables and low in fats is ideal for gaining the essential nutrients our bodies need. Working with your healthcare team to keep up with thalassemia treatments, getting vaccinated, and monitoring and treating for complications early if COVID-19 symptoms do develop are the recommended strategies to staying healthy through the pandemic. FDA Approves First Cell-Based Gene Therapy to Treat Adult and Pediatric Patients with Beta-thalassemia Who Require Regular Blood Transfusions. A few options include: Current recommendations are that for people who have been treated with Reblozyl, the medication should be continued even if a person develops COVID-19 (there is no evidence that it should be stopped). Exemptions may be granted for people with severe allergies to COVID-19 vaccines or any of their components. Am J Hematol. Autoimmune diseases like Sjgrens syndrome can be difficult to diagnose. What are the risks of having COVID if you have beta thalassemia? Symptoms of moderate anemia may include: Beta thalassemia is caused by a genetic mutation inherited from one or both of your parents. (2022). If the mutation affects three of your genes, you have a more severe case of alpha-thalassemia. (2022). These drugs can reduce inflammation in blood vessels (endothelial inflammation) during viral infections. Bender MA, et al. Co-inheritance of -thalassaemia and -thalassaemia in a prenatal screening population in mainland China. Brancaleoni V, et al. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. This condition is called anemia. EHA and TIF Explore How COVID-19 Is Affecting Thalassemia and SCD Patients. Thalassemias | Johns Hopkins Medicine Among people aged 36 or older, an average of 60% of thalassemia patients had at least one coexisting condition (100% in the non-transfusion dependent group and 41.7% in the transfusion-dependent group). Clinical guidance on COVID-19 vaccines for people with thalassemia. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Strategies to enhance information sharing between healthcare professionals and patients and their families by developing communication channel and tools (A), setting up a protocol for answering patient queries (B) and maintaining a regular flow of quality information to patients (C) [Colour figure can be viewed at, Patient pathways during the pandemic: general pathway (left panel) and transfusiondependent patient pathway (right panel) [Colour figure can be viewed at, A proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of COVID19 in patients with haemoglobinopathies [Colour figure can be viewed at. There have been multiple studies on blood types and COVID-19 risk. In a large Iranian study, the prevalence of COVID-19 in people with non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (those with the disease not dependent on transfusions) was much higher than in the general population (45 vs. 22.3 infections per 10,000 people). The pandemic has been hard on everyone, especially those with chronic illnesses. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Coronavirus: People with thalassemia face "blood shortage", appeal for The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Thalassemia International Federation urge people with thalassemia to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Without enough hemoglobin, your red blood cells die more quickly, and your organs and tissues dont get enough oxygen. About 1.5% of the worlds population carry HBB mutations that cause beta thalassemia. 1,5% global population . -, Motta I, Migone De Amicis M, Pinto VM, et al. All rights reserved. Beta-thalassemia occurs when your body has trouble producing hemoglobin beta. When one of these two genes are missing, it can lead to beta thalassemia trait, or beta thalassemia minor. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Thalassemias are inherited disorders characterized by abnormal production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Respiratory failure may occur just as with people who do not have thalassemia. chenevex, France. Thalassemia trait means you carry the gene that causes the disease, but you dont have the disease yourself. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. But such tests are often costly. EHA and TIF explore how COVID-19 is affecting thalassemia and SCD patients. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes you not to make enough hemoglobin, a protein in your blood. As new research becomes available, well update this article. Needs T, et al. There are a number of reasons why people with thalassemia might be at risk for more severe outcomes with COVID-19. Orphanet J Rare Dis. eCollection 2023. The vaccines cannot give you COVID-19. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted People with thalassemia should assume that they are as likely to become infected as the general population and are more likely to have severe outcomes. In that event, it's advisable that the therapy be stopped until the infection has cleared. We avoid using tertiary references. April 21, 2020. Thalassemia also increases the likelihood to form blood clots. It can cause life threatening heart conditions, such as stroke. Thalassemia is an inherited (i.e., passed from parents to children through genes) blood disorder caused when the body doesn't make enough of a protein called hemoglobin, an important part of red blood cells. They also had a higher chance of developing severe symptoms but didnt have higher rates of ICU admission. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. There are three types of thalassemia, one is minor and the other two Alpha and Beta thalassemia are a major threat to health of a person. However, as the situation surrounding COVID-19 continues to evolve, it's possible that some data have changed since publication. Thalassemia Benefits. Thalassemia may increase the risk of serious outcomes of COVID-19. They also shouldnt get it if they have a known allergy to a component of the vaccine. People with the most severe form of the disease may require regular blood transfusions. We studied 255 positive COVID-19 participants unvaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), consecutively . Accessibility When there isn't enough hemoglobin, the body's red blood cells don't function properly and they last shorter periods of time, so there are fewer healthy red blood cells traveling . Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Beta thalassemia may protect against COVID 19. A Southeast Asian perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: hemoglobin E (HbE)-trait confers resistance against COVID-19. Thalassemia: Types, Traits, Symptoms & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic Blood type has been identified as a risk factor in many diseases, from cancer to venous and arterial thromboembolism. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that has become a global public health concern after being first reported in China and has subsequently spread worldwide. But, overall, the link between blood type, genes, and infection risk is a growing area of research. Bender MA, et al. There are four types of alpha thalassemia, and two main types of beta thalassemia. For those who have not yet started the medication, delaying the use of the medication should be considered. fatalities for sickle cell anaemia carriers and for -thalassaemia carriers. While it's always helpful to know your blood type, most people won't necessarily need to know that information. Read our, Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 for People With Thalassemia, Complications of Thalassemia and COVID-19, People Who Have Had a Splenectomy and Transplant Recipients. In Italy there are about 5000 patients with dependent transfusion thalassemia (source Italian Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies - SITE) and a smaller number, currently not definable, of patients with sickle cell anemia in chronic transfusion. 2020;91(3):e2020026. "People with type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus," said infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive condition. (2022). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends COVID-19 vaccines for everybody over 6 months of age in the United States. Thats because two genes, HBA1 and HBA2, are responsible for making hemoglobin alpha. Some research findings have suggested that people with blood types A and AB are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19, while those with blood type O are less likely to test positive for the virus. Epidemiological Surveillance of SARSCov2 in -Thalassemia Patients in the Last Two Years: Reinfection Rate, Insights and Future Challenges. These antigens help prompt a response from your body's immune system. This causes less severe anemia. 2021;16(1):114.doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. If you have thalassemia trait, it means you carry a genetic mutation that causes thalassemia, but you dont have the disease yourself. Amidst coronavirus outbreak, thalassemics are facing blood shortage concerns. People with thalassemia trait dont usually have symptoms. As an example, on March 17, 2020, the Red Cross announced that their blood reserves were reduced by around 80% in the United States due to canceled donations and reduced distribution. Who's at Risk for Long COVID? Hemoglobin is the component of red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues of the body. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to blood bank shortages, which have created challenges for people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Blood banking and transfusion medicine challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some research suggests that people with beta thalassemia may be at an elevated risk of developing severe illness or death from COVID-19, but research is still mixed. Knowledge of your blood type is usually important if you're undergoing a blood transfusion or organ transplantbut in those situations, your medical team will test your blood type beforehand. Pregnancy outcomes among women affected with thalassemia traits. In order to better describe the frequency and manifestations of COVID-19 in thalassemia patients living in France, we report the cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred during the year 2020. COVID-19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the - PubMed Let's look at why and how to get support to stop drinking: While not as serious as other causes of chest pain, anemia-related chest pain can be a sign that your current treatment plan isn't working. Thalassaemia - NHS IgA is active against several pathogens, including rotavirus, poliovirus, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2. Your body produces a variety of different cells that fight invading germs. Impact of IFN-1a in treatment of a COVID-19 patient with beta thalassemia and diabetes mellitus: A case report. As a result, our understanding of the connection to blood type continues to evolve. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19 - Semantic Scholar If you have minor or no symptoms, your provider may suspect thalassemia based on the results of a routine blood test. 1 Platt L, Warwick R. Are some ethnic groups It's been found that, in general, people who have COVID-19 often have significantly reduced hemoglobin levels, especially with severe disease. To inherit thalassemia, both your parents must pass down the affected gene to you. Beta thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which a child has anemia. Anemia can affect your weight, whether due to its impact on your appetite and activity levels or its underlying cause. SARS-CoV-2 infection in beta thalassemia: Preliminary data - PubMed COVID-19 and thalassemia: Frequently asked questions. 2020;57(5):478.doi:10.1007/s13312-020-1831-9, By Lynne Eldridge, MD Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. Commentary: Could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to COVID-19 Treatment Regimens? That means your genetic sex (based on which sex chromosomes you have) doesnt influence whether you inherit the condition. If your MCV is too low, they may order further blood tests to check for thalassemia trait.
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